There are no achievements related to customizing the ship, unless this mechanic is expanded much further in future editions of the event.
I participated in the event on all seven days and received no reward or achievement for taking part in the ship customization.
After the event ends successfully, you can access the Estrela by going up the ladder north of Proprietor Piers. The Estrela is no longer docked there, as it is already out at sea. The options that received the most votes determine the final appearance of the ship. On my world, Rasteibra, the most votes went to the Dragon figurehead and Blood-coloured flags:

Once aboard, you can go up to the deck, where the chosen captain is, and use the ship's wheel:

This takes you to the Great Expedition Island, which currently has an unknown purpose and will probably play a larger role in future editions of the event. There is also a giant closed gate on the island that nobody has figured out how to open yet:
