On the Rootthings floors, the creature responsible for this chain attack is the Rootthing Bug Tracker. The damage is calculated based on how many players are hit by the chain. The less players it hits, the more damage it will deal. Even in a party with 4 players, there is a risk of getting hit by a combo from more than one chain.
On the floors with the Quaras, the opposite happens. The more players the Quara Looter chain hits, the more damage it will deal. It's a respawn designed for solo or duo hunting.